Summary: How to handle Oracle backup and restore through rman.
Date: Around 2013
Refactor: 8 March 2025: Checked links and formatting.

#!/bin/bash
# set -x
 
### Script Variables
WHATAMI=`basename $0`
BASEDIR=`dirname $0`
 
### Oracle Variables
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/product/10.2
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
ORACLE_SID=<sid>
 
### Offsitecopy Variables
GZIP=/usr/bin/gzip
TAR=/usr/local/bin/tar
. "$BASEDIR/mail.txt"
. "$BASEDIR/offsitecopy.func"
HOSTNAME=`hostname`
HOSTNAME_SHORT=`hostname -s`
BCKROOT=/var/backup/oracle
BCKPDIR=${BCKROOT}/rman_backupdir
RMANDIR=${BCKROOT}/rman_workdir
RMANLOGDIR=${BCKROOT}/rman_logs
RMANLOGFILE=${RMANDIR}/rman_backup.log
RMANCROSSLOGFILE=${RMANDIR}/rman_crosscheck.log
BACKUPFILE="${BCKPDIR}/${HOSTNAME_SHORT}_${ORACLE_SID}-RMAN_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`.tgz"
LOGFILE="$BCKPDIR/logfile_`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`.log"
TOUSER="syncuser"
TOHOST="syncserver.company.local"
TODIR="/srv/syncdata/Oracle/${HOSTNAME_SHORT}_${ORACLE_SID}"
DOCOPY="0"
RMANRESULT="0"
ZIPRESULT="0"
 
### Export Required Variables
export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME BCKROOT BCKPDIR RMANDIR BASEDIR
 
removeFunction() {
   echo "Removing old backup files from ${RMANDIR}"
   rm ${RMANDIR}/*
}
 
mailFunction() {
   if [ "$1" == "RMAN" ]; then
      echo "RMAN backup was not created succesfully, consult ${RMANLOGDIR}/rman_backup.log on ${HOSTNAME}" | mail -s "Failed $1 Backup" $MAILTOFAIL
   fi
   if [ "$1" == "ZIP" ]; then
      echo "Tar or zip was not created succesfully, consult ${BACKUPFILE}.log on ${HOSTNAME}" | mail -s "Failed $1 Backup" $MAILTOFAIL
   fi
   if [ "$1" == "SUCCESS" ]; then
      echo "RMAN backup was succesful, but the RMAN was not copied to the syncserver" | mail -s "RMAN Backup Succeedded, but not copied!" $MAILTOFAIL
   fi
   removeFunction
}
 
failFunction() {
   echo
   echo "RMAN Result = $RMANRESULT"
   echo "ZIP Result = $ZIPRESULT"
   echo
   if [ ! "$RMANRESULT" == "0" ]; then
      echo "RMAN backup was not created succesfully..."
      echo "Please consult `tput bold``tput smul`${RMANLOGDIR}/rman_backup.log`tput sgr0`."
      mailFunction RMAN
   fi
   if [ ! "$ZIPRESULT" == "0" ]; then
      echo "Tar or zip was not created succesfully..."
      echo "Please consult `tput bold``tput smul`${BACKUPFILE}.log`tput sgr0`"
      mailFunction ZIP
   fi
   removeFunction
   exit 1
}
 
copyFunction() {
   if [ "$ZIPRESULT" == "0" ]; then
      if [ "$DOCOPY" == "1" ]; then
         offsitecopy "${BACKUPFILE}" "$TOUSER" "$TOHOST" "$TODIR" "$LOGFILE" "$WHATAMI" "$HOSTNAME" "$MAILTOSUCCESS" "$MAILTOFAIL"
         removeFunction
      else
         echo
         echo "Copy to offsite location is not enabled."
         echo "Modify the script under Offsitecopy Variables to enable offsitecopy"
         echo
         mailFunction SUCCESS
      fi
   else
      failFunction;
   fi
}
 
zipRman() {
   if [ "$RMANRESULT" == "0" ]; then
      echo
      echo "Tar-zipping RMAN backup and logs..."
      $TAR -cf - ${RMANDIR} | $GZIP > ${BACKUPFILE}
      ZIPRESULT=$?
      copyFunction
   else
      failFunction
   fi
}
 
rmanBackup() {
   echo
   echo "Starting RMAN backup now for Oracle Database ${ORACLE_SID}..."
   echo "${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/rman target / "cmdfile=${BASEDIR}/oracle_rman_backup.cmd""
   ${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/rman target / cmdfile=\"${BASEDIR}/oracle_rman_backup.cmd\" > ${RMANLOGFILE}
   RMANRESULT=$?
   sleep 5
   mv $RMANLOGFILE $RMANLOGDIR
   zipRman
}
 
rmanCrosscheck() {
   echo
   echo "Starting RMAN crosscheck now for Oracle Database ${ORACLE_SID}..."
   echo "${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/rman target / "cmdfile=${BASEDIR}/oracle_rman_crosscheck.cmd""
   ${ORACLE_HOME}/bin/rman target / cmdfile=\"${BASEDIR}/oracle_rman_crosscheck.cmd\" > ${RMANCROSSLOGFILE}
   sleep 5
   mv $RMANCROSSLOGFILE $RMANLOGDIR
}
 
rmanCrosscheck
rmanBackup
 
echo
echo "INFO - RMAN backup finished"
echo

As you can see, there is an external reference to offsitecopy and mail.txt. Both are described in Bash: Function: Offsitecopy.

run {
crosscheck backup;
crosscheck backupset;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt expired backupset;
delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
delete noprompt obsolete;
}

Note: It's important to configure the RMAN setting below in the RMAN configuration so that cleanup actions do not delete valid files.

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 2 DAYS;

This setting can be checked by the RMAN command 'show all':

bash-3.00$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Tue Nov 2 09:17:01 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: <sid>(DBID=71467001)

RMAN> show all;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 2 DAYS;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/opt/oracle/product/10.2/dbs/snapcf_<sid>.f'; # default

RMAN> exit

Recovery Manager complete.

run {
backup database format '/var/backup/oracle/rman_workdir/%d_%u_%s';
backup current controlfile format '/var/backup/oracle/rman_workdir/<sid>ctl_date%T%U';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup archivelog from time 'SYSDATE-1' format '/var/backup/oracle/rman_workdir/arch_%d_%u_%s';
}

spool log to "/var/backup/oracle/rman_workdir/rman_backup.log"
run {
backup database format '/var/backup/oracle/rman_workdir/%d_%u_%s';
}
exit;
spool log off;
exit